Xyoo 1931, Kistler tau cais cov kua dej los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem dej cawv supercritical ziab thiab khaws cov qauv ntawm cov roj los ntawm shrinking thiab collapsing, ua rau airgel hauv ntiaj teb.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Airgel
Airgel yog lub teeb yuag nano-porous amorphous khoom siv nrog nanometer-scale micro-particles aggregated nrog ib leeg los ua ib tug nanometer-scale ntxeem tau network qauv thiab sau nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm gaseous dispersion media nyob rau hauv lub network skeleton.
Aerogels tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj yog lub xeev tshiab ntawm teeb meem. Lub xeev airgel yog qhov txawv ntawm lwm lub xeev ntawm cov teeb meem hauv ntau yam khoom. Nws muaj qhov ruaj khov thiab cov duab zoo li cov teeb meem, tab sis nws qhov pom tseeb qhov ceev tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1 g / cm³ mus rau 0.001 g / cm³ (tsawg dua qhov ceev ntawm huab cua); Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj cov qauv zoo li daim txhuam cev ntxeem tau, nrog ntau yam khoom ntawm microscopic (nano-scale skeleton), macroscopic (condensed matter) thiab mesoscopic (multi-level and fractal structure) cov yam ntxwv, ua rau aerogels muaj ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg heev, tsis tshua muaj modulus ntawm elasticity, tsawg heev phonon tus nqi, tsis tshua muaj refractive index, tsis tshua muaj dielectric tsis tu ncua, tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, siab tshwj xeeb deg cheeb tsam, dav dav dav thiab refractive index faib, thiab lwm yam.
Classification ntawm Aerogels
Muaj ntau hom aerogels, npog yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom siv. Feem ntau, raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov organic aerogels, inorganic aerogels thiab composite aerogels, thiab lwm yam. Aerogels tuaj yeem muab faib ua silicon, carbon, sulphur, hlau oxide thiab hlau tshuab raws li lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Cov xwm txheej & Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Aerogels
Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias aerogels yuav hloov lub ntiaj teb.
Airgel tau teev npe ua ib qho ntawm 10 qhov teeb meem kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv 250th qhov teeb meem ntawm US phau ntawv Journal Science. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, 2007, The Times tau tshaj tawm tias airgel yog lub ntiaj teb lub teeb tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem tiv taus lub zog tawg ntawm 1kg ntawm dynamite thiab ua kom koj tawm ntawm tshav kub ntawm lub tshuab cua siab tshaj 1300 ° C. Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev siv airgel hauv txhua yam los ntawm qhov chaw super-insulated suits rau supercapacitors rau catalysts mus rau tiam tom ntej ntawm tennis rackets. Airgel cog lus rau kev sib tw tiam neeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv legendary xws li phenolic resin los ntawm 1930s, carbon fiber los ntawm 1980s thiab silicone los ntawm 1990s.
Airgel tau teev nyob rau hauv Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ntiaj Teb ob peb zaug raws li lub ntiaj teb cov khoom sib sib zog nqus. Airgel kuj tseem muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg heev thiab refractive index thiab yog 39 npaug ntau insulating dua li cov iav fibers zoo tshaj. Airgel tau siv los thermally insulate lub chaw nres tsheb Lavxias Mir chaw nres tsheb thiab US Mars Pathfinder rover, thiab twb tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam aerospace.
Keeb kwm ntawm Airgel Development
1931, aerogels tau npaj thawj zaug los ntawm Kistler ntawm Stanford University, Tebchaws Asmeskas.
1985, thawj lub rooj sib tham ntawm aerogels, hu ua ISA, tau tsim los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Physics ntawm University of Würzburg, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
Xyoo 1993, aerogels tau siv los thaiv cov khoom siv dav hlau, dav hlau thiab chaw shuttles.
2002, Aspen Aerogel, lub tuam txhab NASA, tau tsim los tsim thiab tsim cov aerogels.
2004, kev tshawb fawb airgel ua los ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb hauv Suav.
2006, domestic airgel tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj pib tsim aerogels.
2017, Tuam Tshoj tshaj tawm, GB / T 34336-201, Nonporous Airgel Composite rwb thaiv tsev khoom
2021, Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas tau tshaj tawm, "Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm rau Carbon Mus Txog Lub Peak los ntawm 2023" ntawm kev ua kom nrawm rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm carbon fiber, aerogel, tshwj xeeb hlau thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv yooj yim.
Cov Khoom Tseem Ceeb ntawm Aerogels
(1) Ultra-lub teeb. Airgel yog lub ntiaj teb cov khoom tsawg tshaj plaws, nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ib feem rau ntawm huab cua. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntom ntom yog feem ntau 0.001 ~ 1g / cm³.
(2) High porosity thiab siab tshwj xeeb thaj chaw. Qhov porosity yog 80% ~ 99.9%, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb yog 200 ~ 1000m2 / g, thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov pores yog 1 ~ 100nm.
(3) Super thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Lub aerogel's slim nano-network qauv txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm ntawm cov thermal excitation hauv zos, thiab nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thermal conductivity yog 2 ~ 3 qhov kev txiav txim siab qis dua li cov khoom siv iav sib xws.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm airgel thermal rwb thaiv tsev
Txo thermal hloov: Tus naj npawb tsis kawg ntawm nanoparticles hauv airgel tsim ib lub pob txha pob txha, thiab cov cua sov tsuas tuaj yeem ntws raws tus naj npawb ntawm nanoparticles tsis kawg. Cov cua kub ntws tsuas tuaj yeem ua raws li tus naj npawb ntawm nanoparticles tsis kawg, uas ua rau muaj ze li ntawm txoj hauv kev tsis kawg ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom. Lub tshav kub hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom yog txo kom qis tshaj qhov ua tau.
Kev txwv tsis pub muaj cua sov : Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pore loj ntawm aerogels yog 20-40 nm, uas me dua li qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov roj molecules ntawm 69 nm, thiab cov roj molecules hauv cov pores poob lawv lub peev xwm txav mus los tau yooj yim, ua rau convection yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua.
Txo cov hluav taws xob thermal : Cov phab ntsa pore tsim los ntawm cov nanoparticles hauv aerogels yog cov ntaub thaiv infrared, thiab tus lej tsis kawg ntawm cov ntaub thaiv txo qis cov hluav taws xob thermal.
(4) Catalysis. Qhov me me me me, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw siab thiab qhov ntom ntom ntawm airgel ua rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev xaiv ntawm airgel catalysts ntau dua li cov pa catalysts, thiab cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo sib xws hauv cov cab kuj, thiab nws kuj muaj thermal stability zoo heev, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshwm sim sab.
(5) Suab rwb thaiv tsev. Cov khoom siv suab qis qis ntawm aerogels ua rau lawv yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ncua acoustic lossis kub kub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov sib txawv ntawm acoustic impedance ntawm airgel yog loj [103 ~ 107kg / (㎡-s)], uas yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws acoustic tiv thaiv coupling khoom rau ultrasonic detectors. Lub acoustic tsis kam ntawm piezoelectric ceramics siv rau ultrasonic generators thiab detectors yog 1.5 × 107kg / (㎡-s), thaum lub acoustic tsis kam ntawm huab cua tsuas yog 400kg / (㎡-s). Siv silicon airgel nrog lub thickness ntawm 1/4 wavelength thiab ib tug ceev ntawm txog 0.3g / cm³ raws li cov acoustic kuj coupling khoom ntawm piezoelectric ceramics thiab huab cua yuav ua rau kom lub suab siv los ntawm 30dB, txhim kho kev sib kis efficiency ntawm acoustic tsis thiab txo cov teeb liab-rau-suab nrov piv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov.
(6) Lim kev ua haujlwm. Nanostructured aerogels kuj tseem siv tau los ua hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv roj pom zoo heev. Vim hais tias ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb thaj chaw loj heev, aerogels raug xa mus los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb raws li "super sponges" thiab yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau adsorbing kuab paug hauv dej, nqus cov hmoov txhuas thiab mercury los ntawm dej, ua rau lawv yog ib qho khoom siv zoo heev rau kev daws teeb meem ecological.
(7) Optical zog. Ntshiab SiO₂ airgel yog pob tshab thiab tsis muaj xim, thiab nws qhov refractive index (1.006 ~ 1.06) yog ze rau ntawm huab cua, uas txhais tau hais tias SiO₂ airgel yuav luag tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab tuaj yeem xa cov hnub ci zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov iav rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub suab nrov txo.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab hnub tim siv, thov hu rau peb ntawm email: [email protected] , lossis hu rau peb ntawm: +86-28-8411-1861.
Qee cov duab thiab cov ntawv luam tawm los ntawm Is Taws Nem, thiab cov ntawv pov thawj yog los ntawm tus sau thawj. Yog tias muaj kev ua txhaum cai, thov hu rau peb kom tshem tawm.